Vaccinations Explained: An Overview of Immunization Processes
Immunizations, or vaccinations, are a vital part of preventive medicine that help our bodies build immunity against specific diseases. They have been instrumental in eliminating and controlling the spread of many infectious diseases, such as smallpox, polio, and measles.
For adults, it's crucial to stay up-to-date on their vaccinations, as our immune systems weaken as we age, making us more susceptible to illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends several immunizations for adults, including:
- Tdap vaccine, which protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough), is recommended every 10 years, and during pregnancy (between 27-36 weeks).
- Zoster (shingles) vaccine is recommended at 50 years old, or earlier if recommended by a healthcare provider.
- Adults should receive an annual influenza vaccine.
- Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccine is recommended for adults at increased risk due to occupation, travel, or underlying health conditions.
- Varicella vaccine is recommended for adults who are not previously vaccinated or without evidence of immunity.
- MMR vaccine is recommended for adults who are not previously vaccinated or without evidence of immunity.
For those at risk due to travel, occupation, or underlying health conditions, additional vaccines such as Hepatitis A and B, and HPV vaccines are also recommended.
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) vaccine is recommended at 65 years old, or earlier if recommended by a healthcare provider.
When we receive an immunization, our body is introduced to a small, harmless piece of a disease-causing agent, such as a virus or bacteria, triggering our immune system to produce antibodies. Over time, our immune system remembers how to fight off the disease, providing us with long-term protection against future infections.
When a sufficient percentage of a population is immunized, it creates a phenomenon known as herd immunity, helping protect vulnerable individuals who may not be able to receive vaccines due to medical conditions. Immunizations also have significant economic benefits, reducing the need for costly medical treatment, lost productivity, and closed schools and businesses.
Immunizations are crucial for public health, as they not only protect individuals but also prevent the spread of diseases within communities. It's equally important for adults to consult with their healthcare provider to determine the best immunization schedule for their individual needs and risk factors.
Major manufacturers of immunizations include BioNTech (Germany), Johnson & Johnson (USA, via Janssen Vaccines), Pfizer, Merck & Co., and GSK. BioNTech is known for its mRNA vaccines such as the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2, Johnson & Johnson developed the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine through Janssen Vaccines, and Pfizer collaborates with BioNTech on COVID-19 vaccines.
In conclusion, immunizations play a vital role in protecting our health and the health of our communities. By staying up-to-date on recommended vaccinations, we can help control the spread of infectious diseases and ensure the continued well-being of ourselves and those around us.
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