Strategies for managing food shortages.
The double burden of malnutrition, a complex societal issue affecting both undernutrition and overweight or obesity within populations, is gaining increased attention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1][4]. This phenomenon, which refers to the coexistence of conditions such as stunting, wasting, micronutrient deficiencies, and rising rates of overweight and obesity, presents a significant challenge to global public health.
Current trends indicate that economic downturns exacerbate risks of both undernutrition and obesity, particularly during pregnancy and the first 1,000 days, critical windows for intervention [1]. While progress has been made in reducing global mortality and disability due to nutritional deficiencies, LMICs continue to struggle with disparities in malnutrition burdens linked to socioeconomic conditions and healthcare access [2].
Recent data shows that progress on reducing stunting has stalled, while overweight rates remain stable, signaling persistent challenges [3]. The double burden is increasingly recognised as a form of "malnutrition transformation" requiring integrated approaches addressing both forms simultaneously [4].
To tackle this issue, integrated, context-specific strategies are needed. These strategies involve coordinated government policy, responsible food industry practices, and targeted private sector investments in nutrition-related technologies.
Governments play a crucial role in implementing multisectoral nutrition policies addressing both undernutrition and overweight risks. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and social protection programs, improving food environments through regulation, and targeting vulnerable periods such as pregnancy and early childhood are key strategies [1][2][3].
Food companies can contribute by reformulating products to improve nutritional profiles, developing and promoting affordable, nutrient-dense foods, and implementing transparent labeling and responsible marketing, especially to children [4]. Additionally, private sector investments in food technologies can help enhance nutrition and food security by funding development of novel options like plant-based proteins and fortified foods, supporting supply chain improvements, and collaborating with public sector and NGOs to scale impact [4].
Economic shocks like downturns greatly impact malnutrition risks, necessitating adaptive social and nutrition policies that buffer vulnerable populations [1]. Collaborative interregional efforts are critical for sharing innovations and health education to reduce disparities, especially in low-resource settings [2]. Monitoring through continuous data collection is vital to track progress and adapt policies effectively [3].
Dr. Sandro Demaio and Dr. Stefan Catsicas, members of the Pictet Nutrition Advisory Board, have echoed the United Nations' warning about malnutrition, emphasising the urgent need for action. Catsicas suggests that governments and the private sector need to work together to adapt and invest in solutions for malnutrition, particularly through investments in technologies that reduce food waste and improve nutritional value [5].
In conclusion, addressing the double burden of malnutrition globally requires a multi-faceted approach involving governments, food companies, and the private sector. Protecting vulnerable populations, especially young children, from the compounded effects of undernutrition and obesity amid economic and social transitions is a priority highlighted by current research [1][2][3][4].
- To combat the double burden of malnutrition, educational programs focusing on personal growth and self-development, such as understanding the importance of a healthy diet and lifestyle, can be essential for promoting nutrition awareness and responsible food choices.
- In light of the significant challenge that the double burden of malnutrition presents to global public health, science-based research and innovation are crucial for developing nutritious food-and-drink alternatives and improving food and nutrition technologies.
- Recognizing the double burden of malnutrition as a form of "malnutrition transformation," the field of health-and-wellness is likely to see an increased focus on science-backed nutrition interventions and tailored wellness programs for addressing both undernutrition and obesity.
- Furthermore, investments in education-and-self-development opportunities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, can empower individuals with the knowledge and resources necessary to make informed decisions about maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle, thus contributing to the reduction of both undernutrition and obesity.
